Lub Limtiam Nyeem Ntawv: Kev Npaj Rau Kev Ua Haujlwm Zoo Tshaj Plaws European PV Supply Chain
Apr 11, 2022
Nws'yog lub sijhawm zoo siab rau PV kev tsim khoom, nrog rau kev lag luam hnub ci thoob ntiaj teb zoo li tau paub txog qhov xav tau ntawm cov khoom siv hauv zos hauv txhua cheeb tsam tseem ceeb. Teb chaws Europe, Is Nrias teb, thiab Tebchaws Meskas yog tag nrho cov kev txhawb nqa loj thiab muab cov phiaj xwm rau kev tsim cov khoom lag luam ntsug ntawm cov nplai piv rau cov uas twb tau nce thiab khiav hauv Suav teb.
Ntau qhov kev tsim kho tshiab thaum ntxov hauv hnub ci zog tau tshwm sim hauv Tebchaws Europe, ua ntej lub ntiaj teb ntau's manufacturing peev xwm rau PV modules thiab lwm yam ntaub ntawv tau tsiv mus rau Asia nyob rau hauv lub xyoo caum dhau los. Thiab raws li Tebchaws Europe rov zoo li tsim kom muaj kev lag luam PV hauv zos, nws's paub meej tias cov tuam txhab koom nrog xav kom tuav lub teb chaws's lub koob npe nrov ua tus thawj coj thev naus laus zis. Txog tam sim no, feem ntau ntawm cov phiaj xwm European yog tsim cov hlwb thiab cov qauv raws li kev siv tshuab heterojunction (HJT)– ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm tes siab tshaj plaws tam sim no hauv kev tsim khoom thiab muaj peev xwm ntawm qee qhov kev ua tau zoo tshaj plaws.
"Hauv Tebchaws Europe, HJT tam sim no yog cov thev naus laus zis ntawm kev xaiv rau cov neeg tsim khoom tshiab thiab cov kab tshiab, tsis yog hloov kho dua tshiab los ntawm p-hom PERC," Karl Melkonyan, tus kws tshuaj ntsuam laus ntawm IHS Markit tau hais."Hauv 15 txog 20 xyoo dhau los, HJT thev naus laus zis tau los ntev, tsis tu ncua txo tus nqi, nce kev hloov pauv tau zoo, thiab lwm yam kev txhim kho kev ua tau zoo, nrog rau kev ruaj khov nrog qhov kub thiab txias coefficient. Nws tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tau hais tias tseem muaj chaw rau kev txhim kho ntxiv."
Thoob plaws ntiaj teb, HJT yuav ntsib kev sib tw los ntawm PERC thev naus laus zis uas twb muaj lawm tus nqi zoo tshaj plaws, thiab los ntawm nws lub ntsiab n-hom kev sib tw TOPCon, uas tsis zoo li HJT tuaj yeem tsim tawm ntawm cov kab PERC."Ob leeg HJT thiab TOPCon tseem yuav tsum tau tsim thiab txhim kho qee cov txheej txheem tsim khoom kom ncav cuag tus nqi-kev sib tw, nrog kev ua tau zoo dua, kev siv zog ntau dua thiab ua haujlwm ntev, lub sijhawm ua haujlwm luv dua, tus nqi qis dua thiab kev ua tau zoo tag nrho," ntxiv Melkonyan."kuv tsis ua't xav tias yuav muaj ib tug yeej xwb." Rau Tebchaws Europe, txawm li cas los xij, cov phiaj xwm tsim khoom loj tshaj plaws tau tshaj tawm txog tam sim no, suav nrog Meyer Burger hauv Tebchaws Yelemees, REC Group thiab Recom hauv Fab Kis, thiab Enel hauv Ltalis, txhua tus tau tsom mus rau HJT. Thiab thaum cov neeg tsim tsa ntxiv no txuas ntxiv lawv txoj haujlwm zoo los txhim kho thiab ua kom zoo dua ntawm silicon cell thev naus laus zis, muaj ntau qhov kev hloov tshiab tshiab tos hauv cov tis uas tau cog lus rau ob qho tib si los txhawb cov phiaj xwm uas twb muaj lawm thiab txav PV kev tsim tawm hauv cov lus qhia tshiab.
HJT Tech
Nrog rau cov thev naus laus zis zoo li HJT txav mus ze rau qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov silicon hnub ci cell, kev lag luam tab tom nrhiav rau cov khoom tshiab kom ncav cuag qhov ua tau zoo dua. Perovskites, feem ntau tso rau sab saum toj ntawm silicon cell los tsim ib qho khoom siv tandem, tau tshwm sim los ua cov ntaub ntawv zoo tshaj plaws ntawm no. Thiab txawm hais tias tseem tsis tau ua lag luam ntawm txhua qhov teev, tandem hlwb thiab txawm tias perovskites los ntawm lawv tus kheej tau pom los ntawm ntau yam li yav tom ntej ntawm PV.
UK / Lub teb chaws Yelemees-raws li lub tuam txhab Oxford PV yog ntawm cov pioneers ntawm tandem cell technology, twb kaw nyob rau hauv lub 30 feem pua kev ua tau zoo cim nrog kuaj ntsuas cov cuab yeej. Lub tuam txhab npaj yuav nthuav qhia perovskite-silicon modules tsim ntawm nws qhov chaw hauv Brandenburg, Lub teb chaws Yelemees, rau kev ua lag luam ua ntej xyoo tas los no.– tau pom ob peb ncua vim Covid thiab cov kev txwv cov khoom siv sib txuas. Raws li cov silicon hauv qab ntawm tes mus, Oxford PV tau mob siab rau HJT yog qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws thiab pom qhov no yog lub sijhawm rau cov tuam txhab European los ua tus thawj coj ntawm kev siv tshuab.
"Tam sim no, lwm thaj chaw rau qee qhov tau daig nrog cov khoom qub txeeg qub teg hauv PERC, thiab lawv xav txuas ntxiv mus," hais tias Oxford PV CEO Frank Averdung."Hauv Tebchaws Europe, tam sim no kev tsim khoom muaj peev xwm yog marginal, thiab koj ua tsis tau't muaj cov khoom qub txeeg qub teg no. Thiab rau peb, yog tias peb xav tau qhov ua tau zoo tshaj plaws, peb xav tau qhov ua tau zoo tshaj plaws hauv qab ntawm tes, thiab qhov tseeb yog HJT."
Polysilicon thiab lwm yam
Nrog nws cov kev cuam tshuam tsis ntev los no, tus nqi nce, thiab kev txhawj xeeb txog kev quab yuam ua haujlwm, polysilicon's mov saw muaj ib tug ua qauv qhia ntawm qhov yuav tsum tau rau localized ntau lawm txij thaum pib mus txog rau thaum xaus. Thaum tsim cov players zoo li Wacker thiab Elkem muaj peev xwm muab tau ntau ntawm polysilicon uas yuav xav tau los ntawm European cov tuam txhab nyob rau xyoo tom ntej, lwm tus tab tom saib txoj hauv kev los co qhov no, thiab txo cov nqi hauv cov txheej txheem.
German startup Nexwafe tab tom tsim cov thev naus laus zis uas cog lus tias yuav hloov cov txheej txheem ntawm polysilicon ntau lawm, uas yog ingot rub thiab sawing, tsuas yog ib kauj ruam los ntawm kev tsim silicon wafers ncaj qha los ntawm cov roj chlorosilane. Cov txheej txheem cog lus, raws li nws cov creators, txiav tus nqi ntawm wafer ntau lawm nyob rau hauv ib nrab, thiab los tsim ib tug ntau yam, zoo wafers tshaj yog ua tau nrog tam sim no technology. Thaum kawg 2021 lub tuam txhab tau tsa€39 lab hauv kev nqis peev thiab tab tom npaj yuav nce 500MW peev txheej cog ntawm nws qhov chaw hauv Bitterfeld-Wolfen, Lub teb chaws Yelemees thaum ntxov 2024.
Tshiab nyias-zaj duab xis thev naus laus zis kuj tau cog lus tias yuav txiav ntau tus nqi thiab qhov nyuaj uas'Nws yog tsim los ua silicon PV modules. Lub tuam txhab UK Power Roll tsis ntev los no tau ua tiav cov kab tsim tawm rau nws cov thev naus laus zis, uas tso cov khoom siv hnub ci rau hauv cov qauv microgroove tshwj xeeb. Hauv kev tsim cov khoom tsim, lub tuam txhab ua haujlwm nrog perovskite ua cov khoom siv ntawm tes, thiab tsom mus rau lub teeb yuag thiab kev sib xyaw ua ke."Peb kwv yees tias thaum peb ntsuas, peb cov thev naus laus zis yuav yog li 50 feem pua pheej yig dua ntawm cov peev txheej ua ntej, nrog rau 50 feem pua lub sij hawm them rov qab luv dua li niaj hnub hnyav silicon PV," hais tias Power Roll CEO Neil Spann.
Qhov chaw, qhov chaw, qhov chaw
Tom qab ua tiav nws txoj kab 100MW hauv Brandenburg, Oxford PV tab tom npaj ib qho ntxiv 2GW cell thiab module Hoobkas, tab sis tam sim no tsis tau lees paub qhov twg qhov no tuaj yeem nyob."Peb qhib rau txhua qhov chaw. Tau kawg, peb yog ib lub tuam txhab European, nrhiav tau nyob rau hauv UK thiab peb muaj kev lag luam hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees thiab peb xav nyob," hais tias Averdung."Tab sis tib lub sijhawm, peb tsis tuaj yeem kaw peb lub qhov muag yog tias muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv lwm qhov chaw."
Txhawm rau kom ntseeg tau tias nws tseem txaus nyiam rau cov tuam txhab tsim cov PV thev naus laus zis tshiab no, Tebchaws Europe yuav xav tau nce nws qhov kev ua si raws li kev txhawb nqa rau lawv qhov nce."Tus nqi xav tau los ntsuas peb qhov chaw hauv Tebchaws Yelemees txhais tau tias peb yuav tsum tau nce kwv yees li 100 lab euros. Thiab tam sim no, peb'rov pom lub xeev kev txhawb nqa rau tej zaum 10 feem pua lossis 12 feem pua ntawm qhov ntawd," Nexwafe CEO Davor Sutija hais rau pv magazine."Thiab piv rau cov thawj coj ua se hauv Tebchaws Meskas, rau cov haujlwm tam sim no mus tom ntej hauv Is Nrias teb, thiab qib kev txhawb nqa hauv lub xeev hauv Suav teb, qhov no ua rau cov teb chaws Europe poob qis hauv kev txhawb nqa lub zog tauj dua tshiab."
Ib cag ntawm cov kev sim ua kom pom lawv cov thev naus laus zis, Nexwafe thiab Fais Fab Yob tab tom nrhiav kev lag luam qauv ntawm kev tso cai rau lawv cov thev naus laus zis rau lwm cov tuam txhab, es tsis yog kev tsim khoom ntawm lawv tus kheej; txhais tau tias lawv're tsis zoo li yuav khi rau ib cheeb tsam. Is Nrias teb's Reliance New Energy Solar tsis ntev los no tau nqis peev€25 lab hauv Nexwafe thiab npaj yuav siv wafer ua thev naus laus zis hauv nws txoj kev npaj siab rau kev xa khoom hauv Is Nrias teb. Lub Hwj Chim Roll tseem tab tom tshawb nrhiav kev tsim cov tshuab ua yeeb yaj kiab hauv Is Nrias teb nrog tus khub hauv zos Thermax.
Ob lub tuam txhab, txawm li cas los xij, hais tias lawv pom ntau lub sijhawm hauv Tebchaws Europe thiab xav ua ib feem hauv cheeb tsam's PV kev lag luam."Peb yuav tsim cov tiam tshiab ntawm hnub ci uas muaj kev ua tau zoo ultrahigh, nrog rau cov doping gradients, thiab cov qauv tshiab. Thiab peb ntseeg tias nws yuav yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws kom muaj cov neeg koom tes hauv Tebchaws Europe, coj cov kev tsim kho tshiab no los ua lag luam" hais Sutija."Tib lub sijhawm, peb txoj haujlwm nrog Reliance qhia tau hais tias muaj kev xav tau thoob ntiaj teb rau peb cov thev naus laus zis. Thiab los ntawm kev xav txog kev nqis peev, peb yuav tsum muaj peev xwm sib tw thoob ntiaj teb, thiab tsim kom muaj kev sib koom tes zoo uas tso cai rau peb cov thev naus laus zis kom nthuav dav sai li sai tau."
Muaj nuj nqis chains
Nrog nws cov thev naus laus zis perovskite, Oxford PV kuj tau saib xyuas kom tsis txhob tso siab rau cov ntaub ntawv uas yuav ua rau luv luv hauv txhua cheeb tsam."Peb've tau kawm cov ntaub ntawv uas nkag mus rau hauv peb lub hlwb perovskite kom paub tseeb tias lawv'rov muaj tau yooj yim, uas lawv'rov muaj los ntawm cov cheeb tsam tsis sib haum xeeb thiab muaj ntau txaus," hais tias lub tuam txhab's CTO Chris Case."Peb cov kev suav suav qhia tias muaj txaus xa ntau tshaj 30TW ntawm perovskite thev naus laus zis, thiab peb muaj peev xwm nyob rau hauv cov khoom lag luam ntawm Tebchaws Europe, yog tias tsim nyog, muab cov khoom tseem ceeb no, thiab lawv.'rov muaj los ntawm thawj qhov chaw."
Tsis ntev's Sutija kuj sau tseg tias qhov chaw npaj ntawm Bitterfeld, hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees's "hnub ci hav" yuav muaj peev xwm muab nws cov roj chlorosilane los ntawm ib lub chaw nyob sab xis ntawm lub qhov rooj.
Txawm hais tias muaj cov khoom siv raw, rau cov thev naus laus zis zoo li no kom ua tiav cov ntsiab lus teev tag nrho cov saw hlau tseem xav tau tam sim no.– suav nrog module daim nqi ntawm cov ntaub ntawv xws li iav, thav duab thiab lwm yam."Peb yuav tsum pom kev loj hlob thoob plaws cov khoom siv. Tsis muaj teeb meem thev naus laus zis los tiv thaiv qhov no, nws yog hais txog cov neeg muaj kev ntseeg siab hauv kev ua lag luam thiab txaus siab los nqis peev," hais tias Averdung."Dab tsi peb yuav tsum tau ua tam sim no tab sis yog xav txog acceleration, txoj cai? Thiab kuv xav tias kev nom kev tswv tuaj yeem pab tau."
