Silicon Anodes Muscle nyob rau hauv roj teeb Technology

Silicon yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm lub kiv puag ncig digital, shunting loads ntawm cov cim ntawm ib lub cuab yeej uas' tej zaum tsuas yog ntiv tes ntawm koj ob lub qhov muag ntawm lub sijhawm no.

Tam sim no, tib yam khoom siv uas pheej yig heev tau dhau los ua tus neeg sib tw loj rau lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev lag luam roj teeb burgeoning. Nws' tshwj xeeb tshaj yog txaus nyiam vim nws' muaj peev xwm tuav tau 10 npaug ntau npaum li lub zog hauv ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm lub roj teeb, lub anode, dua li siv graphite.

Tab sis tsis ceev heev. Thaum silicon muaj lub koob npe nrov ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb, cov khoom siv nws tus kheej swells thaum nws' ib feem ntawm lub roj teeb. Nws swells ntau heev uas cov anode flakes thiab tawg, ua rau lub roj teeb poob nws lub peev xwm tuav ib tug nqi thiab thaum kawg ua tsis tau tejyam.

Tam sim no cov kws tshawb fawb tau pom cov txheej txheem thawj zaug, ib kauj ruam tseem ceeb rau kev ua silicon xaiv siv tau uas tuaj yeem txhim kho tus nqi, kev ua haujlwm thiab kev them nqi ceev ntawm cov roj teeb rau lub tsheb fais fab nrog rau cov xov tooj ntawm tes, laptops, smart watches thiab lwm yam khoom siv.

& quot; Ntau tus neeg tau xav txog tej yam yuav tshwm sim tab sis tsis muaj leej twg tau ua pov thawj nws ua ntej," Chongmin Wang, tus kws tshawb fawb ntawm Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Zog' s Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. Wang yog tus sau cov ntaub ntawv uas nyuam qhuav luam tawm hauvNature Nanotechnology.

Ntawm silicon anodes, txiv laum huab xeeb khob thiab ntim cov neeg caij dav hlau

Lithium ions yog lub zog txiaj hauv lub roj teeb lithium-ion, taug kev rov qab los ntawm ob lub electrodes los ntawm cov kua hu ua electrolyte. Thaum lithium ions nkag mus rau hauv ib qho anode ua los ntawm silicon, lawv cov leeg lawv txoj kev mus rau hauv cov qauv kom zoo, thawb cov silicon atoms askew, zoo li ib tug stout airline neeg nrog caij squeezing rau hauv nruab nrab lub rooj ntawm ib tug packed davhlau. Qhov no" lithium nyem" ua rau lub anode swell mus rau peb lossis plaub zaug nws qhov loj me.

Thaum cov lithium ions tawm mus, txhua yam tsis ua' tsis rov qab mus rau qhov qub. Qhov chaw khoob hu ua vacancy tseem nyob. Cov atoms silicon displaced sau rau hauv ntau, tab sis tsis yog tag nrho, ntawm qhov chaw ua haujlwm, zoo li cov neeg caij tsheb ceev ceev rov qab qhov chaw khoob thaum cov neeg caij nruab nrab mus rau chav dej. Tab sis cov lithium ions rov qab los, thawb lawv txoj hauv kev dua. Cov txheej txheem rov ua dua li cov lithium ions scoot rov qab los ntawm cov anode thiab cathode, thiab cov chaw khoob hauv silicon anode sib koom ua ke los ua cov voids lossis qhov khoob. Cov khoob no txhais mus rau lub roj teeb tsis ua haujlwm.

Cov kws tshawb fawb tau paub txog cov txheej txheem rau xyoo, tab sis lawv tsis muaj' t ua ntej pom tseeb tias nws ua rau lub roj teeb tsis ua haujlwm. Qee tus tau ntaus nqi qhov tsis ua haujlwm rau qhov poob ntawm silicon thiab lithium. Lwm tus tau liam tias qhov thickening ntawm cov khoom tseem ceeb hu ua solid-electrolyte interphase lossis SEI. SEI yog ib qho qauv tsim ntawm ntug ntawm lub anode uas yog lub qhov rooj tseem ceeb ntawm cov anode thiab cov kua electrolyte.

Hauv nws qhov kev sim, pab pawg tau saib raws li qhov chaw seem uas tshuav los ntawm lithium ions nyob rau hauv silicon anode hloov zuj zus mus rau qhov loj thiab loj dua. Tom qab ntawd lawv saib raws li cov kua electrolyte ntws mus rau hauv qhov khoob zoo li me me rivulets raws ntug dej hiav txwv, infiltrating silicon. Qhov kev nkag mus no tau tso cai rau SEI txhim kho hauv thaj chaw hauv silicon qhov twg nws yuav tsum' tsis yog, ib qho kev tawm tsam molecular hauv ib feem ntawm lub roj teeb uas nws tsis' tsis yog.

Qhov ntawd tsim cov chaw tuag, rhuav tshem lub peev xwm ntawm silicon khaws cia lithium thiab rhuav tshem cov anode.

Xav txog lub khob txiv laum huab xeeb hauv cov duab pristine: Cov qhob noom xim kasfes sab nraud yog txawv ntawm cov txiv laum huab xeeb hauv qab. Tab sis yog tias koj tuav nws hauv koj txhais tes ntev dhau los nrog nruj heev, lub plhaub sab nraud softens thiab sib tov nrog cov mos mos chocolate hauv. Koj' tshuav ib qho kev tsis sib haum xeeb uas nws cov qauv hloov pauv tsis tau. Koj tsis muaj lub khob txiv laum huab xeeb ntxiv lawm. Ib yam li ntawd, tom qab cov electrolyte thiab SEI infiltrate silicon, cov kws tshawb fawb tsis muaj cov anode ua haujlwm ntxiv lawm.

Pab neeg pom cov txheej txheem no pib tam sim tom qab tsuas yog ib lub voj voog roj teeb xwb. Tom qab 36 lub voj voog, lub roj teeb' lub peev xwm los tuav tus nqi tau poob qis heev. Tom qab 100 lub voj voog, lub anode raug puas tsuaj.

Tshawb nrhiav cov lus cog tseg ntawm silicon anodes

Cov kws tshawb fawb tab tom ua haujlwm los tiv thaiv silicon los ntawm electrolyte. Ntau pab pawg, suav nrog cov kws tshawb fawb ntawm PNNL, tab tom tsim cov txheej txheem tsim los ua tus neeg saib xyuas, tso cai rau cov lithium ions nkag mus rau hauv thiab tawm ntawm cov anode thaum nres lwm cov khoom ntawm cov electrolyte.

Cov kws tshawb fawb los ntawm ntau lub koom haum koom ua ke lawv cov kev txawj ntse los ua haujlwm. Cov kws tshawb fawb ntawm Los Alamos National Laboratory tau tsim cov silicon nanowires siv nyob rau hauv txoj kev tshawb no. PNNL cov kws tshawb fawb tau ua haujlwm ua ke nrog cov neeg sib tw ntawm Thermo Fisher Scientific los hloov kho lub tshuab xa hluav taws xob cryogenic los txo qhov kev puas tsuaj los ntawm cov hluav taws xob siv rau kev kos duab. Thiab Penn State University cov kws tshawb fawb tau tsim cov algorithm los simulate qhov kev ua ntawm molecular ntawm cov kua thiab silicon.

Ua ke, pab pawg siv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob los ua cov duab ultra-high-resolution ntawm cov txheej txheem thiab tom qab ntawd rov tsim cov duab hauv 3D, zoo ib yam li cov kws kho mob tsim cov duab 3D ntawm tus neeg mob' lub cev nqaij daim tawv lossis lub cev.

& quot; Txoj haujlwm no muaj cov phiaj xwm qhia meej meej rau kev tsim cov silicon ua lub anode rau lub roj teeb muaj peev xwm," hais tias Wang.

Ntawm PNNL, txoj haujlwm yog ib feem ntawm kev tshawb fawb dav dav tshawb nrhiav silicon anodes, suav nrog cov ntaub ntawv qub xws li txheej txheej, txoj hauv kev tshiab los ua cov cuab yeej siv, thiab cov electrolyte tshiab uas ua rau lub roj teeb muaj zog.

Ntxiv rau Wang, lwm tus kws sau ntawv PNNL suav nrog Yang He, Yaobin Xu, Haiping Jia, Ran Yi, Miao Song, Xiaolin Li (tseem yog tus sau sau) thiab Ji-Guang (Jason) Zhang.

Dab neeg Source:

Khoom sivmuab los ntawmDOE/Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. Thawj sau los ntawm Tom Rickey.Nco tseg: Cov ntsiab lus tuaj yeem hloov kho rau style thiab ntev.